What level of English do I need for citizenship?

You need English at B1 level on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) or above. B1 is an intermediate level where you can understand the main points of clear standard speech and deal with most situations likely to arise in daily life.

Which English tests are accepted for citizenship?

You must pass a Secure English Language Test (SELT) approved by the Home Office. In 2026, approved tests include IELTS for UKVI (Life Skills B1), Trinity College London ISE I, and others. Check the GOV.UK website for the current approved test list.

Can I use my degree to meet the English requirement?

Yes, if your degree was taught or researched in English and is recognised by UK ENIC as equivalent to a UK bachelor's degree or above. This includes degrees from UK universities and many overseas universities where the medium of instruction was English.

Is the English requirement for citizenship the same as for ILR?

Yes. Both ILR and citizenship require English at B1 level. If you passed the English requirement for ILR, the same evidence may be accepted for citizenship, though you should check whether your test certificate is still within any validity period.

English Language Requirement for British Citizenship

British citizenship requires English at B1 level (CEFR), demonstrated through a SELT or a qualifying degree taught in English. The requirement is the same as for ILR. This guide covers accepted tests, the degree route, exemptions, and preparation.

The B1 Requirement

The Home Office requires all citizenship applicants to demonstrate English language ability at B1 level on the CEFR. This is an intermediate level. At B1, you can:

Understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters
Deal with most situations likely to arise in daily life
Produce simple connected text on familiar topics
Describe experiences, events, and ambitions briefly

For a comparison of English levels, see our English level comparison guide.

Option 1: Pass a SELT

A Secure English Language Test (SELT) is the most common way to meet the requirement. Approved tests include:

IELTS for UKVI (Life Skills B1): The most widely available option
Trinity College London ISE I: Another approved option
LanguageCert: Available at test centres across the UK

Check the GOV.UK SELT list for the current approved tests. See our test booking guide for how to prepare and book.

Option 2: Qualifying Degree

If you have a degree that was taught or researched in English, you can use it to meet the requirement. The degree must be:

Recognised by UK ENIC as equivalent to a UK bachelor's degree or above
Taught or researched in English

Degrees from UK universities automatically qualify. For overseas degrees, check with UK ENIC that your institution and qualification are recognised.

Exemptions

You may be exempt if:

You are aged 65 or over at the date of application
You have a physical or mental condition preventing you from meeting the requirement

See our guides on English exemptions for ILR and English exemptions for spouse visas for more detail on exemptions.

Using Your ILR Test for Citizenship

If you passed a SELT for your ILR application, the same certificate may be accepted for citizenship. However, check whether there is a validity period. Some tests expire after 2 years. If your test has expired, see our guide on expired English tests.

Preparing for the Test

If you need to take a test:

Start with English classes if you need to improve
Practice with sample tests from the test provider's website
Book the test well in advance (test centres can be busy)
Bring valid photo ID on test day

Country-Specific Guidance

For guidance specific to your nationality, see our guides for Nigerian, Pakistani, Philippine, Polish, and South African nationals.